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FREELANG - Language Families

Indoeuropean tree

 

The linguists usually count around 7,000 languages, and several thousands dialects can also be added. The table below (which shows about 800 main languages) is only a glimpse of the huge diversity of languages.

To find a language in the table, you can use the Edit, Search function of your browser. Extinct languages are usually not cited.

Please note that the number of speakers is for information only, as it is very hard to know the exact number of speakers of a language. If you have more accurate information, please contact us.

 Families and languages (below, comprehensive table)
 Families only (summary table)

 


For a comprehensive classification of all existing languages, we recommend the website of the Summer Institute of Linguistics in Texas. It is the biggest database available on the web concerning languages and their classification.

Our other sources:
- Centre international de recherche en aménagement linguistique (Laval University, Quebec)
- Bibliothèque publique d'information (French Ministry of Culture)
- Krysstal (personal website)


Summary of this page


  FAMILIES:
Indo-European | Basque | Dravidian
Uralic | Caucasian | Altaic

Japanese | Ainu | Korean
Sino-Tibetan (Sino-Thai) | Austro-Asiatic

Afro-Asiatic (Chamito-Semitic) | Nilo-Saharan
Nigero-Kordofanian (Niger-Congo, Bantu)
Khoisan

Austronesian | Papuan | Australian

Creoles and Pidgins | Amerindian
Na-Dene | Eskimo-Aleut | Paleo-Siberian

MAPS:
Map of languages in India
Map of language families in Africa

 

Classification of languages by families

  Indo-European family (1.6 billion speakers)

  • Indo-Iranian group (600 million speakers)
  • Indic / Indo-Aryan branch (540 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Sanskritextinct language
    Bengali180 millionBangladesh
    Hindi400 millionIndia
    Marathi64 millionIndia
    Gujarati40 millionIndia
    Bihari40 millionIndia (nord-est)
    Oriya31 millionIndia
    Pendjabi80 millionIndia, Pakistan (Pendjab)
    Radjashatni20 millionIndia
    Assamese14.6 millionIndia
    Bundeli8 millionIndia
    Pahari6 millionIndia
    Konkani2 millionIndia
    Nepali12 millionNépal, India
    Urdu150 millionIndia, Pakistan
    Sindhi19.6 millionPakistan
    Sinhala12 millionSri Lanka
    Tsigane (Romani)10 millionEurope

  • Iranian branch (60 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Avesticextinct language
    Persian (Farsi)26.5 millionIran
    Persian (Dari)7 millionAfghanistan, Pakistan
    Afghan (Pashtu)20 millionPakistan, Afghanistan
    Balutchi1.6 millionPakistan
    Tajik4.3 millionTadjikistan
    Ossetic600 000Russia, Georgia
    Kurdish25 millionTurkey, Iran, Irak, Syrie
    Other languages: Talysh, Tat (Azerbaidjan)

  • Greek group (15 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Ancient Greekextinct language
    Modern Greek15 millionGreece

  • Italic (Latin) group (430 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Latinextinct language

  • Portuguese
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Portuguese182 millionPortugal, Brazil
    Galician4 millionSpain (Galice)
    Mirandese10 000Portugal

  • Spanish
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Spanish (Castillan)392 millionSpain, South America
    Asturian100 000Spain
    Other languages: Leonese, Andalou, Aragonese (11 000), Extremaduran, Judeo-Spanish (Israel)

  • Catalan
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Catalan10 millionSpain, France

  • Occitan
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Occitan10 millionFrance, Italy
    Northern-Occitan: Limousin, Auvergnat, Provençal alpin
    Southern-Occitan: Languedocian, Provençal, Gascon, Niçois

  • French / Oil languages
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    French110 millionFrance + TOM, Switzerland, Belgium, Quebec, French-speaking Africa...
    Wallon Belgium, France
    Oïl languages: Picard, Haut normand, Champenois, Lorrain, South-East (Bouguignon, Bourbonnais, Franc-comtois), Central (Francien, Orléanais, Berrichon), North-Western (Gallo, Anglo-Normand, Bas Normand, Mayennais, Manceau, Angevin, Tourangeau), South-Western (Poitevin, Saintongeais)
    North America: Québécois, Acadien

  • Italian
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Italian64 millionItaly
    Sicilian4.6 millionSicilia
    Corse150 000Corse
    Other languages: Piemontese, Lombard, Ligurian, Emilian, Bolognese, Venitian, Istrian, Toscan, Calabrese, Lucanian, Abruzzian, Marches, Pouilles

  • Sardinian
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Sardinian1.5 millionSardinia
    Other languages: Campidanian, Logoudorian, Gallurian

  • Rheto-Roman
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Romanche50 000Switzerland (Grisons)
    Ladin10 000Italy (North)
    Frioulan450 000Italy (Frioul)

  • Romanian
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Romanian20 millionRomania
    Other languages: Macedo-Romanian (Balkans), Migleno-Romanian (Greece), Istrio-Romanian (Croatia)

  • Celtic group (2 million speakers)
  • Brittonic branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Breton250 000France (Bretagne)
    Welsh800 000Wales

  • Gaelic branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Irish1 millionIreland
    Scottish70 000Scotland
    Manx600Man Island

  • Germanic group (480 million speakers)
  • Western branch
  • Anglo-Frisian
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    English470 millionUK, USA, Canada, Australia...
    Frisian730 000Netherlands, Germany

  • Germano-Dutch
  • Low Saxon / Niederdeutsch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Dutch21 millionNetherlands, Belgium (Flemish)
    Afrikaans10 millionSouth Africa, Namibia
    Other languages: Northern German, Low-Saxon

  • High German / Hochdeutsch (121 million speakers)
  • Middle German
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Moselle Franconian Nied area
    Rhenisch Franconian coal basin until Alsace
    Luxembourgeois410 000Luxembourg, Thionville area
    Other languages: Ripuarian Franconian, Upper Saxon

  • Upper German
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    German90 millionGermany
    Other languages: Eastern Franconian, Southern Franconian, Bavarian, Alemannic (Alsacian, Swabian, Schwyzerdütsch), Yiddish (Ashkenazi) and Pensilfaanisch (Amish in USA)

  • Northern / Scandinavian branch
  • Western sub-group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Icelandic250 000Iceland
    Norwegian (bokmål ou riksmål)5 millionNorway
    Norwegian (landsmål ou nynorsk)726 000Norway
    Faroese50 000Faroe Islands

  • Eastern sub-group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Danish5 millionDenmark
    Swedish9 millionSweden

  • Baltic group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Latvian2.5 millionLatvia
    Lithuanian5 millionLithuania

  • Slavic group (250 million speakers)
  • Western branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Polish44 millionPoland
    Czech12 millionCzech Republic
    Slovak5 millionSlovakia
    Sorbian (Lusatian, Wendish)500 000Lusace (Germany, Poland)

  • Southern branch
  • Western sub-group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Serbian11 millionSerbia
    Croatian6 millionCroatia
    Bosnian4 millionBosnia
    Slovenian2.5 millionSlovenia

  • Eastern sub-group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Bulgarian9 millionBulgaria
    Macedonian4 millionMacedonia

  • Eastern branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Russian288 millionRussia
    Ukrainian41 millionUkraine
    Belarusan12 millionBelarus

  • Armenian group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Armenian5 millionArmenia, Turkey

  • Albanian group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Albanian5 millionAlbania, Kosovo
    2 main dialects: Tosh (South of Albania) and Gheg (North)

     

      Basque family

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Basque800 000Basque Country (Spain, France)

     

      Dravidian family (150 million speakers)

  • Northern group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Brahui1.5 millionPakistan
    Other languages: Malto, Kurux (Nepal), Sauria

  • Central group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Telugu57 millionIndia (Andhra Pradesh)
    Gondi1 millionIndia
    Other languages: Konda, Kui, Manda, Parji, Gadaba, Kolami, Pengo, Naiki, Kuvi

  • Southern group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Tamil70 millionIndia (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka
    Malayalam34.6 millionIndia
    Kannada33 millionIndia
    Tulu1 millionIndia
    Other languages: Kodagu, Toda, Kota

     

      Uralic family (25 million speakers)

  • Finno-Ugric group
  • Finnic branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Finnish6 millionFinland
    Estonian1.5 millionEstonia
    Karelian Karelia (Russia)
    Sami40 000Norway, Sweden, Finland
    Other languages: Veps (Onega lake), Cheremis/Mari and Mordvin, Votiak/Udmurt et Zyrian/Komi (North-East of Russia), Ludian, Permyak

  • Ugric branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Hungarian15.5 millionHungary
    Other languages: Ostiak et Vogul (Ob valley, Siberia (North-West))

  • Samoyed group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Selkup Siberia (North-West)
    Nenets Siberia (North-West)

     

      Caucasian family (10 million speakers)

  • Caucasian group
  • North-Western
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Cherkes Russia
    Abkhaz Georgia

  • North-Eastern
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Avar Russia
    Chechen-Ingush2 millionChechen Ingushetia
    Other languages: Lezgi

  • Kartvelian group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Georgian5.5 millionGeorgia

     

      Altaic family (75 million speakers)

  • Turkic group (70 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Turkish59 millionTurquie, Balkans
    Azeri14 millionAzerbaïdjan, nord-ouest de l'Iran
    Kazakh10 millionKazakhstan
    Uzbek17 millionOuzbékistan
    Turkmenian3 millionTurkmenistan
    Kirghiz3 millionKirghizstan
    Tatar7 millionTurkey, Balkans, ex-URSS, China
    Uyghur7 millionXinjiang Autonomous Region (China)
    Yakut360 000Siberia (North-East)
    Other languages: Gagauz, Karakalpak, Bachkir, Chuvash (2 million)

  • Mongolian group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Mongol (Khalkha)6 millionMongolia, China
    Kalmyk Kalmoukia (Russia)
    Other languages: Oirat, Yugur

  • Manchou-Tungus group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Manchou China
    Evenki China, ex-URSS
    lamout close to Okhotsk sea
    Tungus Eastern Siberia

     

      Japanese family

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Japanese126 millionJapan
    Okinawa dialect1 millionJapan

     

      Ainu family

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Ainunearly extinctJapan

     

      Korean family

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Korean75 millionKorea

     

      Sino-Tibetan / Sino-Thai family (1.5 billion speakers)

  • Chinese group (1 billion speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Chinese (Mandarin)835 millionChina (Northern Yantze, South-West)
    Cantonese75 millionChina (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macao)
    Wu77.1 millionChina (Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou)
    Xiang36 millionChina (Hunan)
    Yue46.3 millionChina (Guangxi, Guangdong)
    Min (Minnan)77 millionChina (Fujian, Hainan), Taiwan
    Kejia (Hakka)25.4 millionChina (South-East, Taiwan)
    Gan20.5 millionChina (Jiangxi)

  • Tibeto-Burman group
  • Tibetan branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Tibetan6 millionTibet, China, Nepal, Bouthan
    Other languages: Itszu

  • Burman branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Burmese40 millionBurma
    Other languages: Kachin, Karen, Chin, Naga, Yin

  • Tai-Kadai / Daic group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Thai60 millionThailand
    Shan Burma
    Lao5 millionLaos
    Zhuang15 millionChina (Guangxi, Yunnan)
    Other languages: Yuan, Dong, Li

  • Miao-Yao (Hmong-Mien) group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Miao (Hmong Njua)1 millionChina (South), Vietnam, Laos
    Yao China (South)
    Other languages: Hmong Daw (White Miao)

     

      Austro-Asiatic family (80 million speakers)

  • Mon-Khmer group (74 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Khmer10 millionCambodia
    Vietnamese75 millionVietnam
    Môn1 millionBurma, Thailand
    Nicobaresefew thousandsNicobar Islands
    Other languages: Senoic, Bahnaric, Katuic, Pearic

  • Munda group (6 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Santali4 millionIndia
    Mundari2 millionIndia
    Other languages: Korku, Kharia, Gorum

     

      Afro-Asiatic family (200 million speakers)

  • Chamitic group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Ancient Egyptianextinct language

  • Semitic group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Arabic (standard, classical)150 millionMaghreb, Near East
    Hebrew6 millionIsrael
    Amharique20 millionEthiopia
    Tigrinya6 millionEthiopia, Erythrea
    Maltese300 000Malta
    Arabic dialects: Algerian, Eyptian, Irakian, Jordanian, Lebanese, Libyan, Moroccan, Mauritanian, Omanese, Palestinian, Saoudian, Syrian, Chadian, Tunisian, Yemeni
    Other languages: Aramaic, Assyrian (Akkadian), Tigré, Argobba

  • Berber group (11 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Tamazight3 millionMorocco
    Rifain2 millionMorocco
    Tachelhite / chleuh3 millionMorocco
    Kabyle3 millionAlgeria
    Chaouia1.4 millionAlgeria (Kabylia)
    Mozabit (tumzabt, mzab)70 000Algeria (Mzab valley)
    Tamachek300 000Sahara (Touaregs)
    Other languages: Jerban, Judeo-Berber

  • Cushitic group (13 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Somali8.3 millionSomalia
    Galla Kenya, Southern Ethiopia
    Other languages: Sidamo, Afar, Gedeo, Bedja, Bedawi

  • Omotic group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Wolaytta2 millionEthiopia
    Gamo780 000Ethiopia
    Melo80 000Ethiopia
    Basketto82 000Ethiopia
    Seze109 000Ethiopia
    Yemsa500 000Ethiopia

  • Chadic group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Haoussa45 millionNiger, Nigeria
    Other languages: Mandara, Ngala, Bana

     

      Nilo-Saharan family (26 million speakers)

  • Songhai group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Songhai-Zarma1.5 millionMali, Niger
    Kanouri1.5 millionNigeria, Chad
    Other languages: Forian (1 million)

  • Chari-Nile group (20 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Dinka1.3 millionSudan
    Other languages: Nuer, Chillouk, Diour (Luo), Bari, Toposa, Nuba, Bongo, Burun, Dagik, Daju, Didinga

  • Maban group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Maba Chad
    Runga Chad
    Mimi Chad

  • Fur group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Fur Ethiopia, Sudan
    Other languages: Amdang, Bagirmi, Bedjonde, Berakou, Bideyat, Fulfulde

  • Koman group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    gule Ethiopia, Sudan
    Other languages: Komo, Kwama, Opuuo, Uduk

     

      Nigero-Kordofanian family

  • Kordofanian languages
  • Kadugli group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Kanga Sudan
    Other languages: Tulish, Tumma, Krongo, Tumtum, Keiga

  • Kordofanian group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Warnang Sudan
    Other languages: Heiban, Laro, Logol, Otoro, Shwai, Moro, Tegali, Tingal

  • Niger-Congo languages
  • Benue-Congo branch
  • Bantoid sub-group (9 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Tiv Nigeria
    Birom Nigeria

  • Bantu languages (400 languages, 100 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Fang560 000Cameroon, Gabon
    Boulou Cameroon
    Ewondo Cameroon
    Douala400 000Cameroon
    Bamileke2 millionCameroon
    Luva6.3 millionCongo-Kinshasa
    Tshiluba6 millionCongo-Kinshasa
    Lingala8 millionCentral African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa
    Kikongo6 millionAngola, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa
    Kituba5 millionCongo (South)
    Luganda4 millionUganda
    Makoua Uganda
    Kinyarwanda-Kirundi15 millionRwanda, Burundi
    Swahili30 millionTanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Congo DR, Rwanda, Burundi
    Kikouyou4.6 millionKenya
    Sukuma Tanzania
    Bemba Zambia
    Nyanja (chewa, chinyanja)3.2 millionMalawi, Zambia
    Kimbundu3 millionAngola
    Umbundu4 millionAngola
    Shona10 millionMozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe
    Sotho3.5 millionSouth Africa
    Tswana3 millionSouth Africa, Botswana
    Zulu5 millionSouth Africa
    Ndebele1 millionZimbabwe, South Africa
    Xhosa4 millionSouth Africa
    Comorian languages900 000Comoros

  • Eastern Adamawa group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Zande Northern Congo
    Ngbandi Central African Republic
    Sango350 000Central African Republic
    Ngbaka (Bwaka)40 000Congo DR, Central African Republic

  • Kwa group (32 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Efik Nigeria
    Yoruba20 millionNigeria, Benin
    Igbo20 millionNigeria
    Ew2.7 millionTogo, Ghana
    Fanti Ghana
    Twi (Akan, Fante and Ashanti)4 millionGhana
    Anyi Ivory Coast
    Baoule1 millionIvory Coast
    Bassa (Basaa)800 000Cameroon
    Krou Liberia
    Other languages: Bino-Edo, Akan, Gurma, Gwa, Abe, Ari, Ga, Ijo, Igala

  • Gur group (12 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    More (Mossi)5 millionBurkina-Faso, Togo, Ghana
    Dogon500 000Mali
    Other languages: Senoufo, Koulango, lobi

  • West-Atlantic group (17 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Wolof4 millionSenegal, Gambia
    Temne Sierra Leone
    Peul (or Fula, Fulani, Fulfude)13 millionSenegal, Gambia, Guinea, Nigeria (East), Cameroon
    Other languages: Serere, Kissi, Baga, Bulom, Banda, Sere

  • Mande group (12 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Bambara12 millionMali
    Dioula Ivory Coast
    Malinke (or Maninka, Mandingo)3 millionGuinea
    Sosso (or Soussou)600 000Guinea
    Soninke (or Sarakhole)1 millionMauritania, Senegal, Mali
    Kpelle Liberia

     

      Khoisan family (100 000 speakers)

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Hottentot (Nama)25 000Southern Africa
    Sandawe23 000North-Eastern Tanzania
    Hatsafew thousandsNorth-Eastern Tanzania
    other languages: bochiman

     

      Austronesian family (300 million speakers)

  • Formosan group (450 000 speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Amis130 000Taiwan
    Atayal63 000Taiwan
    Bunun34 000Taiwan
    Paiwan81 000Taiwan
    Pyuma7 200Taiwan
    Rukai8 000Taiwan
    Saisiyat3 200Taiwan
    Taroko28 000Taiwan
    Tsou5 000Taiwan
    Yami3 000Taiwan

  • Western Malayo-Polynesian group / Indonesian (265 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Malay20 millionMalaisia
    Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia)200 millionIndonesia
    Tagalog (Filipino)72 millionPhilippines
    Bikol2.5 millionPhilippines
    Sasak2.1 millionPhilippines
    Magindanaw1 millionPhilippines
    Pampangan2 millionPhilippines
    Pangasinan2 millionPhilippines
    Javanese80 millionIndonesia
    Balinese3.5 millionIndonesia
    Sundanese25 millionIndonesia
    Visayan15 millionIndonesia
    Banjar3 millionIndonesia
    Batak Dairi1.2 millionIndonesia
    Lampung1.5 millionIndonesia
    Bouguinais4 millionIndonesia
    Madurese10 millionIndonesia
    Batak Toba2 millionIndonesia
    Minangkabaw7 millionIndonesia
    Makassar2 millionIndonesia
    Ilongo7 millionIndonesia
    Ilocano8 millionIndonesia
    Malagasy8 millionMadagascar
    Chamorro Guam Island
    Cham Bahnar Vietnam
    Jarai Vietnam
    Rade Vietnam
    Roglai Vietnam
    Western Cham Cambodia
    Cham languages Thailand
    Tsat China
    Other languages (Indonesia): Cebuano, Dayak (Borneo), Palauan, Yapese

  • Central Malayo-Polynesian group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Tetum300 000Indonesia (Timor)
    Kisar20 000Indonesia (Moluccas)
    Kei86 000Indonesia (Moluccas)
    Makian35 000Indonesia (Moluccas)
    Hitu16 000Indonesia (Moluccas)
    Manusela7 000Indonesia (Moluccas)
    Other languages (Indonesia): Kemak, Galoli, Damar, Seram, Buru, Selwasan, Aru

  • Eastern Malayo-Polynesian group
  • Southern Halmahera branch (150 000 speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Ambai10 000 
    Eastern Makiam20 000 
    Biak40 000 
    Other languages: Buli, Maba, Patani, Weda, Giman, Marau, Makiam Dalam

  • Oceanic branch (3 million speakers)
  • Melanesian languages (1 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Fidjian285 000Fidji
    Drehu15 000New Caledonia
    Nengone6 100New Caledonia
    Paicî5 500New Caledonia
    Ajië5 000New Caledonia
    Xârâcùù5 000New Caledonia
    Belep1 100New Caledonia (Belep Islands)
    Other languages: Ïaaï

  • Polynesian languages (1 million speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Samoan300 000Samoa
    Tahitian220 000French Polynesia
    Maori200 000New-Zealand, Cook Islands
    Rarotonga37 000Cook Islands
    Tuamotu14 400French Polynesia
    Niuan11 800Niue Island
    Marquisian8 000French Polynesia
    Wallisian19 500Wallis-and-Futuna
    Futunian6 600Wallis-et-Futuna
    Hawaiian2 000Hawaï
    Tuvaluan Tuvalu Islands
    Tongian108 000Tonga Islands
    Rapanui Easter Island
    Rotuman, Faga-Uvea, Tekelauan

  • Micronesian languages (500 000 speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Kiribati64 000 
    Marshallese29 000 
    Nauruan6 000 
    Trukese38 000 
    Ponape27 700 
    Kosraean6 900 
    Carolinian2 500 

     

      Indopacific family (Papuan languages)

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Enga180 000Papua New Guinea
    Kuanua80 000Papua New Guinea
    Melpa75 000Papua New Guinea
    Kuman70 000Papua New Guinea
    Huli65 000Papua New Guinea
    Other languages: Wantoat, Telefol, Iatmul, Asmat

     

      Australian languages

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Warlpiri3000Northern Territory
    Western Arunta1000Northern Territory
    Eastern Arunta1500-2000Northern Territory
    Murrinbata1000Northern Territory
    Anindilyakwa1000Northern Territory and Gulf of Carpentaria
    Alyawarra1500Northern Territory and Queensland
    Wik-Mungkan1000Queensland
    Kala Lagaw3000-4000Torres Strait islands and Queensland
    Pitjantjara2500Southern Australia

     

      Creoles or Pidgin languages

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    West Indian Creole650 000Martinique, Guadeloupe
    Haitian Creole7 millionHaiti
    Mauritian Creole600 000Mauritius Island
    Creole from Reunion600 000La Réunion
    Bichlamar (Melanesian Pidgin)190 000Vanuatu
    Other languages: Papiamentu Creole (Dutch West Indies), Neomelanesian Creole from New-Guinea

     

      Amerindian family (25 million speakers)

  • Araucanian group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Arauacan200 000Chili
    Other languages: Huilliche, Mapudungun

  • Quechuan group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Quechua (Runa Simi)9 millionEquador, Peru, Bolivia
    Other languages: Chiquian, Corongo, Huaylas, Huallaga, Panao, Huaylla, Jauja, Chachapoyas

  • Aymaran group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Aymara1.5 millionBolivia

  • Tupi-Guarani group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Guarani3 millionParaguay
    Tupi Brazil
    Other languages: Ariqueme, Kawahib, Oyampi

  • Arawakan group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Arawak Caribean coast
    Other languages: Chapacuran, Arauan, Chamicura, Gahiban, Mahipuran, Purus

  • Chibchan group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Miskito Honduras, Nicaragua
    Cuna Panama
    Other languages: Isthmien, Abura, Talamanca, Barbacoa, Paezan, Coconucoan, Popayanen

  • Mayan group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Yucatec (Maya)500 000Mexico
    Other languages: Kekchi, Quiche, Mam, Tzotzil, Cakchiquel, Chol, Itza, Jacalteco, Yocatan, Ixil

  • Oto-Manguean group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Otomi  
    Other languages: Mixtec, Zapotec, Chiquihuitlan Mazatec, Mazahua, Choco, Oaxaca, Mangue

  • Uto-Aztecan group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Nahuatl900 000Central America
    Other languages: Hopi, Comanche, Luiseno, Cahuilla, Cupeno, Papago, Ute, Mono, Paiute, Pima

  • Wakashan group (1500 speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Haisla Canada
    Other languages: Heiltsuk, Kwakiutl, Makah, Nootka

  • Siouan group (90 000 speakers)
  • Missouri River Group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Crow  
    Other languages: Hidatsa

  • Mandan Group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Mandan  

  • Mississippi Valley Group
  • Dakotan subgroup
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Sioux (Dakota-Lakota-Nakota)  
    Other languages: Assiniboine, Stoney

  • Chiwere-Winnebago subgroup
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Chiwere (Ioway-Otoe-Missouria)  
    Other languages: Ho-chunk (Winnebago)

  • Dhegiha (Dhegihan) subgroup
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Omaha-Ponca  
    Other languages: Kansa (Kaw)-Osage, Quapaw (Arkansas)

  • Ohio Valley Group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Tutelo  
    Other languages: Occaneechi

  • Muskogean group (10 000 speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Choctaw10 000North America (Oklahoma)
    Muskogee (Creek)  
    Other languages: Alabama, Koasati, Mikasuki, Chickasaw

  • Iroquoian group (45 000 speakers)
  • Northern branch
  • Susquehannock
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Mohawk Québec, New York
    Oneida New York, Ontario, Wisconsin
    Onondaga New York, Ontario
    Seneca New York, Ontario
    Cayuga New York, Ontario
    Susquehannock Susquehana valley

  • Wendat
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Wendat Ontario, Oklahoma

  • Tuscarora
  • languenombre estimé de locuteurszone géographique principale
    Tuscarora Ontario

  • Southern branch
  • Cherokee
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Cherokee40 000North Carolina, Oklahoma

  • Algonquian group (130 000 speakers)
  • Central branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Sac-Fox-Kickapoo  
    Shawnee  
    Other languages: Menomini, Peoria-Miami-Illini

  • Cree
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Cree  
    Montagnais  
    Naskapi  
    Other languages: Atikamekw, Oji-Cree

  • Ojibwa
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Ojibwa (Chippewa)40 000 
    Other languages: Algonquin, Ottawa, Potawatomi

  • Eastern branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Abenaki  
    Micmac  
    Other languages: Malicite, Delaware

  • Plains branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Arapaho  
    Blackfoot  
    Cheyenne  

     

      Na-Dene family

  • Athapaskan group (200 000 speakers)
  • Northern Athapaskan
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Ahtna  
    Dena'ina (Tanaina)  
    Other languages: Deg Hit'an (Ingalik, Deg Xinag), Holikachuk (Innoko), Koyukon, Kolchan (Upper Kuskokwim), Lower Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana, Southern Tutchone, Northern Tutchone, Gwich'in (Kutchin), Hän, Tagish, Tahltan, Kaska, Sekani, Dunneza (Beaver), Slavey (Slave), Mountain, Bearlake, Hare, Dogrib, Dene Suline (Chipewyan), Tsetsaut, Babine (North Carrier), Dakelh (Carrier), Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in), Nicola (Stuwix), Tsuut'ina (Sarsi), Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie)

  • Pacific Coast Athapaskan
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Hupa (Hoopa-Chilula)  
    Other languages: Mattole-Bear River, Eel River, Upper Umpqua, Rogue River (Tututni), Galice-Applegate, Tolowa

  • Southern Athapaskan (Apachean)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Plains Apache (Kiowa-Apache)  
    Navajo  
    Other languages: Chiricahua, Mescalero, Western (Coyotero) Apache, Jicarilla, Lipan

     

      Eskimo-Aleut family

  • Aleut group
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Aleut2 000Aleutian Islands

  • Eskimo (Inuit) group
  • Inuit branch (60 000 speakers)
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Inuktitut Canada
    Inuktitut (Kalaallisut) Greenland
    Inuktitut (Inupiak)40 000Alaska

  • Yupik branch
  • LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Yupik17 000Alaska and Siberia (different dialects)

     

      Paleo-Siberian languages (10 languages, 23 000 speakers)

    LanguageApprox. number of speakersMain geographic area
    Ket990Lenissei
    Youkaghir150Arctic Siberia
    Other languages: Chukchi, Gilyak, Koryak, Tchouktche, Kamchadale, Yuit

     

     


      Distribution of main languages in India

     

      Distribution of language families in Africa

     


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