The linguists usually count around 7,000 languages, and several thousands dialects can also be added. The table below (which shows about 800 main languages) is only a glimpse of the huge diversity of languages.
To find a language in the table, you can use the Edit, Search function of your browser. Extinct languages are usually not cited.
Please note that the number of speakers is for information only, as it is very hard to know the exact number of speakers of a language. If you have more accurate information, please contact us.
Families and languages (below, comprehensive table)
Families only (summary table)
Language maps
Summary of this page
<
Classification of languages by families
Indo-European family (1.6 billion speakers)
Indo-Iranian group (600 million speakers)
Indic / Indo-Aryan branch (540 million speakers)
|
| Sanskrit | 14,000 | India |
| Bengali | 180 million | Bangladesh |
| Hindi | 400 million | India |
| Marathi | 64 million | India |
| Gujarati | 40 million | India |
| Bihari | 40 million | India (nord-est) |
| Oriya | 31 million | India |
| Pendjabi | 80 million | India, Pakistan (Pendjab) |
| Radjasthani | 20 million | India |
| Assamese | 14.6 million | India |
| Bundeli | 8 million | India |
| Pahari | 6 million | India |
| Konkani | 2 million | India |
| Nepali | 12 million | Népal, India |
| Urdu | 150 million | India, Pakistan |
| Sindhi | 19.6 million | Pakistan |
| Sinhala | 12 million | Sri Lanka |
| Tsigane (Romani) | 10 million | Europe |
Iranian branch (60 million speakers)
|
| Avestic | extinct language |
| Persian (Farsi) | 26.5 million | Iran |
| Persian (Dari) | 7 million | Afghanistan, Pakistan |
| Afghan (Pashtu) | 20 million | Pakistan, Afghanistan |
| Balutchi | 1.6 million | Pakistan |
| Tajik | 4.3 million | Tadjikistan |
| Ossetic | 600 000 | Russia, Georgia |
| Kurdish | 25 million | Turkey, Iran, Irak, Syrie |
| Other languages: Talysh, Tat (Azerbaidjan) |
Greek group (15 million speakers)
|
| Ancient Greek | extinct language |
| Modern Greek | 15 million | Greece |
Italic (Latin) group (430 million speakers)
Portuguese
|
| Portuguese | 182 million | Portugal, Brazil |
| Galician | 4 million | Spain (Galice) |
| Mirandese | 10 000 | Portugal |
Spanish
|
| Spanish (Castillan) | 392 million | Spain, South America |
| Asturian | 100 000 | Spain |
| Other languages: Leonese, Andalou, Aragonese (11 000), Extremaduran, Judeo-Spanish (Israel) |
Catalan
|
| Catalan | 10 million | Spain, France |
Occitan
|
| Occitan | 2 million | France, Italy |
Northern-Occitan: Limousin, Auvergnat, Provençal alpin
Southern-Occitan: Languedocian, Provençal, Gascon, Niçois |
French / Oil languages
|
| French | 110 million | France + TOM, Switzerland, Belgium, Quebec, French-speaking Africa... |
| Wallon | | Belgium, France |
Oïl languages: Picard, Haut normand, Champenois, Lorrain, South-East (Bouguignon, Bourbonnais, Franc-comtois), Central (Francien, Orléanais, Berrichon), North-Western (Gallo, Anglo-Normand, Bas Normand, Mayennais, Manceau, Angevin, Tourangeau), South-Western (Poitevin, Saintongeais)
North America: Québécois, Acadien |
Italian
|
| Italian | 64 million | Italy |
| Sicilian | 4.6 million | Sicilia |
| Corse | 150 000 | Corse |
| Other languages: Piemontese, Lombard, Ligurian, Emilian, Bolognese, Venitian, Istrian, Toscan, Calabrese, Lucanian, Abruzzian, Marches, Pouilles |
Sardinian
|
| Sardinian | 1.5 million | Sardinia |
| Other languages: Campidanian, Logoudorian, Gallurian |
Rheto-Roman
|
| Romanche | 50 000 | Switzerland (Grisons) |
| Ladin | 10 000 | Italy (North) |
| Frioulan | 450 000 | Italy (Frioul) |
Romanian
|
| Romanian | 20 million | Romania |
| Other languages: Macedo-Romanian (Balkans), Migleno-Romanian (Greece), Istrio-Romanian (Croatia) |
Celtic group (2 million speakers)
Brittonic branch
|
| Breton | 250 000 | France (Bretagne) |
| Welsh | 800 000 | Wales |
Gaelic branch
|
| Irish | 1 million | Ireland |
| Scottish | 70 000 | Scotland |
| Manx | 600 | Man Island |
Germanic group (480 million speakers)
Western branch
Anglo-Frisian
|
| English | 470 million | UK, USA, Canada, Australia... |
| Frisian | 450 000 | Netherlands, Germany |
Germano-Dutch
Low Saxon / Niederdeutsch
|
| Dutch | 21 million | Netherlands |
| Flemish | 6 million | Belgium |
| Afrikaans | 10 million | South Africa, Namibia |
| Other languages: Northern German, Low-Saxon |
High German / Hochdeutsch (121 million speakers)
Middle German
|
| Moselle Franconian | | Nied area |
| Rhenisch Franconian | | coal basin until Alsace |
| Luxembourgeois | 410 000 | Luxembourg, Thionville area |
| Other languages: Ripuarian Franconian, Upper Saxon |
Upper German
|
| German | 90 million | Germany |
| Other languages: Eastern Franconian, Southern Franconian, Bavarian, Alemannic (Alsacian, Swabian, Schwyzerdütsch), Yiddish (Ashkenazi) and Pensilfaanisch (Amish in USA) |
Northern / Scandinavian branch
Western sub-group
|
| Icelandic | 250 000 | Iceland |
| Norwegian (bokmål ou riksmål) | 5 million | Norway |
| Norwegian (landsmål ou nynorsk) | 726 000 | Norway |
| Faroese | 50 000 | Faroe Islands |
Eastern sub-group
|
| Danish | 5 million | Denmark |
| Swedish | 9 million | Sweden |
Baltic group
|
| Latvian | 2.5 million | Latvia |
| Lithuanian | 5 million | Lithuania |
Slavic group (250 million speakers)
Western branch
|
| Polish | 44 million | Poland |
| Czech | 12 million | Czech Republic |
| Slovak | 5 million | Slovakia |
| Sorbian (Lusatian, Wendish) | 500 000 | Lusace (Germany, Poland) |
Southern branch
Western sub-group
|
| Serbian | 11 million | Serbia |
| Croatian | 6 million | Croatia |
| Bosnian | 2.5 million | Bosnia |
| Slovenian | 2.5 million | Slovenia |
Eastern sub-group
|
| Bulgarian | 9 million | Bulgaria |
| Macedonian | 4 million | Macedonia |
Eastern branch
|
| Russian | 288 million | Russia |
| Ukrainian | 41 million | Ukraine |
| Belarusan | 12 million | Belarus |
Armenian group
|
| Armenian | 5 million | Armenia, Turkey |
Albanian group
|
| Albanian | 5 million | Albania, Kosovo |
| 2 main dialects: Tosh (South of Albania) and Gheg (North) |
Basque family
|
| Basque | 800 000 | Basque Country (Spain, France) |
Dravidian family (150 million speakers)
Northern group
|
| Brahui | 1.5 million | Pakistan |
| Other languages: Malto, Kurux (Nepal), Sauria |
Central group
|
| Telugu | 57 million | India (Andhra Pradesh) |
| Gondi | 1 million | India |
| Other languages: Konda, Kui, Manda, Parji, Gadaba, Kolami, Pengo, Naiki, Kuvi |
Southern group
|
| Tamil | 70 million | India (Tamil Nadu), Sri Lanka |
| Malayalam | 34.6 million | India |
| Kannada | 33 million | India |
| Tulu | 1 million | India |
| Other languages: Kodagu, Toda, Kota |
Uralic family (25 million speakers)
Finno-Ugric group
Finnic branch
|
| Finnish | 6 million | Finland |
| Estonian | 1.5 million | Estonia |
| Karelian | | Karelia (Russia) |
| Sami | 40 000 | Norway, Sweden, Finland |
| Other languages: Veps (Onega lake), Cheremis/Mari and Mordvin, Votiak/Udmurt et Zyrian/Komi (North-East of Russia), Ludian, Permyak |
Ugric branch
|
| Hungarian | 15.5 million | Hungary |
| Other languages: Ostiak et Vogul (Ob valley, Siberia (North-West)) |
Samoyed group
|
| Selkup | | Siberia (North-West) |
| Nenets | | Siberia (North-West) |
Caucasian family (10 million speakers)
Caucasian group
North-Western
|
| Cherkes | | Russia |
| Abkhaz | | Georgia |
North-Eastern
|
| Avar | | Russia |
| Chechen-Ingush | 2 million | Chechen Ingushetia |
| Other languages: Lezgi |
Kartvelian group
|
| Georgian | 5.5 million | Georgia |
Altaic family (75 million speakers)
Turkic group (70 million speakers)
|
| Turkish | 59 million | Turquie, Balkans |
| Azeri | 25 million | Azerbaïdjan, nord-ouest de l'Iran |
| Kazakh | 10 million | Kazakhstan |
| Uzbek | 17 million | Ouzbékistan |
| Turkmenian | 3 million | Turkmenistan |
| Kirghiz | 3 million | Kirghizstan |
| Tatar | 7 million | Turkey, Balkans, ex-URSS, China |
| Uyghur | 7 million | Xinjiang Autonomous Region (China) |
| Yakut | 360 000 | Siberia (North-East) |
| Other languages: Gagauz, Karakalpak, Bachkir, Chuvash (2 million) |
Mongolian group
|
| Mongol (Khalkha) | 6 million | Mongolia, China |
| Kalmyk | | Kalmoukia (Russia) |
| Other languages: Oirat, Yugur |
Manchou-Tungus group
|
| Manchou | | China |
| Evenki | | China, ex-URSS |
| Lamout | | close to Okhotsk sea |
| Tungus | | Eastern Siberia |
Japanese family
|
| Japanese | 126 million | Japan |
| Okinawa dialect | 1 million | Japan |
Ainu family
Korean family
Sino-Tibetan / Sino-Thai family (1.5 billion speakers)
Chinese group (1 billion speakers)
|
| Chinese (Mandarin) | 835 million | China (Northern Yantze, South-West) |
| Cantonese | 75 million | China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macao) |
| Wu | 77.1 million | China (Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou) |
| Xiang | 36 million | China (Hunan) |
| Yue | 46.3 million | China (Guangxi, Guangdong) |
| Min (Minnan) | 77 million | China (Fujian, Hainan), Taiwan |
| Kejia (Hakka) | 25.4 million | China (South-East, Taiwan) |
| Gan | 20.5 million | China (Jiangxi) |
Tibeto-Burman group
Tibetan branch
|
| Tibetan | 6 million | Tibet, China, Nepal, Bouthan |
| Other languages: Itszu |
Burman branch
|
| Burmese | 40 million | Burma |
| Other languages: Kachin, Karen, Chin, Naga, Yin |
Tai-Kadai / Daic group
|
| Thai | 60 million | Thailand |
| Shan | | Burma |
| Lao | 5 million | Laos |
| Zhuang | 15 million | China (Guangxi, Yunnan) |
| Other languages: Yuan, Dong, Li |
Miao-Yao (Hmong-Mien) group
|
| Miao (Hmong Njua) | 1 million | China (South), Vietnam, Laos |
| Yao | | China (South) |
| Other languages: Hmong Daw (White Miao) |
Austro-Asiatic family (80 million speakers)
Mon-Khmer group (74 million speakers)
|
| Khmer | 10 million | Cambodia |
| Vietnamese | 75 million | Vietnam |
| Môn | 1 million | Burma, Thailand |
| Nicobarese | few thousands | Nicobar Islands |
| Other languages: Senoic, Bahnaric, Katuic, Pearic |
Munda group (6 million speakers)
|
| Santali | 4 million | India |
| Mundari | 2 million | India |
| Other languages: Korku, Kharia, Gorum |
Afro-Asiatic family (200 million speakers)
Chamitic group
|
| Ancient Egyptian | extinct language |
Semitic group
|
| Arabic (standard, classical) | 150 million | Maghreb, Near East |
| Hebrew | 6 million | Israel |
| Amharique | 20 million | Ethiopia |
| Tigrinya | 6 million | Ethiopia, Erythrea |
| Maltese | 300 000 | Malta |
Arabic dialects: Algerian, Eyptian, Irakian, Jordanian, Lebanese, Libyan, Moroccan, Mauritanian, Omanese, Palestinian, Saoudian, Syrian, Chadian, Tunisian, Yemeni
Other languages: Aramaic, Assyrian (Akkadian), Tigré, Argobba |
Berber group (11 million speakers)
|
| Tamazight | 3 million | Morocco |
| Rifain | 2 million | Morocco |
| Tachelhite / chleuh | 3 million | Morocco |
| Kabyle | 3 million | Algeria |
| Chaouia | 1.4 million | Algeria (Kabylia) |
| Mozabit (tumzabt, mzab) | 70 000 | Algeria (Mzab valley) |
| Tamachek | 300 000 | Sahara (Touaregs) |
| Other languages: Jerban, Judeo-Berber |
Cushitic group (13 million speakers)
|
| Somali | 8.3 million | Somalia |
| Oromo | 30 millions | Kenya, Southern Ethiopia |
| Other languages: Sidamo, Afar, Gedeo, Bedja, Bedawi |
Omotic group
|
| Wolaytta | 2 million | Ethiopia |
| Gamo | 780 000 | Ethiopia |
| Melo | 80 000 | Ethiopia |
| Basketto | 82 000 | Ethiopia |
| Seze | 109 000 | Ethiopia |
| Yemsa | 500 000 | Ethiopia |
Chadic group
|
| Haoussa | 45 million | Niger, Nigeria |
| Other languages: Mandara, Ngala, Bana |
Nilo-Saharan family (26 million speakers)
Songhai group
|
| Songhai-Zarma | 1.5 million | Mali, Niger |
| Kanouri | 1.5 million | Nigeria, Chad |
| Other languages: Forian (1 million) |
Chari-Nile group (20 million speakers)
|
| Dinka | 1.3 million | Sudan |
| Other languages: Nuer, Chillouk, Diour (Luo), Bari, Toposa, Nuba, Bongo, Burun, Dagik, Daju, Didinga |
Maban group
|
| Maba | | Chad |
| Runga | | Chad |
| Mimi | | Chad |
Fur group
|
| Fur | | Ethiopia, Sudan |
| Other languages: Amdang, Bagirmi, Bedjonde, Berakou, Bideyat |
Koman group
|
| Gule | | Ethiopia, Sudan |
| Other languages: Komo, Kwama, Opuuo, Uduk |
Nigero-Kordofanian family
Kordofanian languages
Kadugli group
|
| Kanga | | Sudan |
| Other languages: Tulish, Tumma, Krongo, Tumtum, Keiga |
Kordofanian group
|
| Warnang | | Sudan |
| Other languages: Heiban, Laro, Logol, Otoro, Shwai, Moro, Tegali, Tingal |
Niger-Congo languages
Benue-Congo branch
Bantoid sub-group (9 million speakers)
|
| Tiv | | Nigeria |
| Birom | | Nigeria |
Bantu languages (400 languages, 100 million speakers)
|
| Fang | 560 000 | Cameroon, Gabon |
| Boulou | | Cameroon |
| Ewondo | | Cameroon |
| Douala | 400 000 | Cameroon |
| Bamileke | 2 million | Cameroon |
| Luva | 6.3 million | Congo-Kinshasa |
| Tshiluba | 6 million | Congo-Kinshasa |
| Lingala | 8 million | Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa |
| Kikongo | 6 million | Angola, Congo-Brazzaville, Congo-Kinshasa |
| Kituba | 5 million | Congo (South) |
| Luganda | 4 million | Uganda |
| Makoua | | Uganda |
| Kinyarwanda-Kirundi | 15 million | Rwanda, Burundi |
| Swahili | 30 million | Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Congo DR, Rwanda, Burundi |
| Kikouyou | 4.6 million | Kenya |
| Sukuma | | Tanzania |
| Bemba | | Zambia |
| Nyanja (chewa, chinyanja) | 3.2 million | Malawi, Zambia |
| Kimbundu | 3 million | Angola |
| Umbundu | 4 million | Angola |
| Shona | 10 million | Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe |
| Sotho | 3.5 million | South Africa |
| Tswana | 3 million | South Africa, Botswana |
| Zulu | 5 million | South Africa |
| Ndebele | 1 million | Zimbabwe, South Africa |
| Xhosa | 4 million | South Africa |
| Comorian languages | 900 000 | Comoros |
Eastern Adamawa group
|
| Zande | | Northern Congo |
| Ngbandi | | Central African Republic |
| Sango | 350 000 | Central African Republic |
| Ngbaka (Bwaka) | 40 000 | Congo DR, Central African Republic |
Kwa group (32 million speakers)
|
| Efik | | Nigeria |
| Yoruba | 20 million | Nigeria, Benin |
| Igbo | 20 million | Nigeria |
| Ew | 2.7 million | Togo, Ghana |
| Fanti | | Ghana |
| Twi (Akan, Fante and Ashanti) | 4 million | Ghana |
| Anyi | | Ivory Coast |
| Baoule | 1 million | Ivory Coast |
| Bassa (Basaa) | 800 000 | Cameroon |
| Krou | | Liberia |
| Other languages: Bino-Edo, Akan, Gurma, Gwa, Abe, Ari, Ga, Ijo, Igala |
Gur group (12 million speakers)
|
| More (Mossi) | 5 million | Burkina-Faso, Togo, Ghana |
| Dogon | 500 000 | Mali |
| Other languages: Senoufo, Koulango, lobi |
West-Atlantic group (17 million speakers)
|
| Wolof | 4 million | Senegal, Gambia |
| Temne | | Sierra Leone |
| Peul (or Fula, Fulani, Fulfude) | 13 million | Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Nigeria (East), Cameroon |
| Other languages: Serere, Kissi, Baga, Bulom, Banda, Sere |
Mande group (12 million speakers)
|
| Bambara | 12 million | Mali |
| Dioula | | Ivory Coast |
| Malinke (or Maninka, Mandingo) | 3 million | Guinea |
| Sosso (or Soussou) | 600 000 | Guinea |
| Soninke (or Sarakhole) | 1 million | Mauritania, Senegal, Mali |
| Kpelle | | Liberia |
Khoisan family (100 000 speakers)
|
| Hottentot (Nama) | 25 000 | Southern Africa |
| Sandawe | 23 000 | North-Eastern Tanzania |
| Hatsa | few thousands | North-Eastern Tanzania |
| other languages: bochiman |
Austronesian family (300 million speakers)
Formosan group (450 000 speakers)
|
| Amis | 130 000 | Taiwan |
| Atayal | 63 000 | Taiwan |
| Bunun | 34 000 | Taiwan |
| Paiwan | 81 000 | Taiwan |
| Pyuma | 7 200 | Taiwan |
| Rukai | 8 000 | Taiwan |
| Saisiyat | 3 200 | Taiwan |
| Taroko | 28 000 | Taiwan |
| Tsou | 5 000 | Taiwan |
| Yami | 3 000 | Taiwan |
Western Malayo-Polynesian group / Indonesian (265 million speakers)
|
| Malay | 20 million | Malaisia |
| Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) | 200 million | Indonesia |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | 72 million | Philippines |
| Bikol | 2.5 million | Philippines |
| Magindanaw | 1 million | Philippines |
| Pampangan | 2 million | Philippines |
| Pangasinan | 2 million | Philippines |
| Visayan | 15 million | Philippines |
| Ilocano | 8 million | Philippines |
| Javanese | 80 million | Indonesia |
| Balinese | 3.5 million | Indonesia |
| Sundanese | 25 million | Indonesia |
| Banjar | 3 million | Indonesia |
| Batak Dairi | 1.2 million | Indonesia |
| Lampung | 1.5 million | Indonesia |
| Bouguinais | 4 million | Indonesia |
| Madurese | 10 million | Indonesia |
| Batak Toba | 2 million | Indonesia |
| Minangkabaw | 7 million | Indonesia |
| Makassar | 2 million | Indonesia |
| Ilongo | 7 million | Indonesia |
| Sasak | 2.1 million | Indonesia |
| Malagasy | 20 million | Madagascar |
| Chamorro | | Guam Island |
| Cham Bahnar | | Vietnam |
| Jarai | | Vietnam |
| Rade | | Vietnam |
| Roglai | | Vietnam |
| Western Cham | | Cambodia |
| Cham languages | | Thailand |
| Tsat | | China |
| Other languages (Indonesia): Cebuano (Philippines), Dayak (Borneo), Palauan (Palau), Yapese |
Central Malayo-Polynesian group
|
| Tetum | 300 000 | Indonesia (Timor) |
| Kisar | 20 000 | Indonesia (Moluccas) |
| Kei | 86 000 | Indonesia (Moluccas) |
| Makian | 35 000 | Indonesia (Moluccas) |
| Hitu | 16 000 | Indonesia (Moluccas) |
| Manusela | 7 000 | Indonesia (Moluccas) |
| Other languages (Indonesia): Kemak, Galoli, Damar, Seram, Buru, Selwasan, Aru |
Eastern Malayo-Polynesian group
Southern Halmahera branch (150 000 speakers)
|
| Ambai | 10 000 | |
| Eastern Makiam | 20 000 | |
| Biak | 40 000 | |
| Other languages: Buli, Maba, Patani, Weda, Giman, Marau, Makiam Dalam |
Oceanic branch (3 million speakers)
Melanesian languages (1 million speakers)
|
| Fidjian | 285 000 | Fidji |
| Drehu | 15 000 | New Caledonia |
| Nengone | 6 100 | New Caledonia |
| Paicî | 5 500 | New Caledonia |
| Ajië | 5 000 | New Caledonia |
| Xârâcùù | 5 000 | New Caledonia |
| Belep | 1 100 | New Caledonia (Belep Islands) |
| Other languages: Ïaaï |
Polynesian languages (1 million speakers)
|
| Samoan | 300 000 | Samoa |
| Tahitian | 220 000 | French Polynesia |
| Maori | 200 000 | New-Zealand, Cook Islands |
| Rarotonga | 37 000 | Cook Islands |
| Tuamotu | 14 400 | French Polynesia |
| Niuan | 11 800 | Niue Island |
| Marquisian | 8 000 | French Polynesia |
| Wallisian | 19 500 | Wallis-and-Futuna |
| Futunian | 6 600 | Wallis-et-Futuna |
| Hawaiian | 2 000 | Hawaï |
| Tuvaluan | | Tuvalu Islands |
| Tongian | 108 000 | Tonga Islands |
| Rapanui | | Easter Island |
| Rotuman, Faga-Uvea, Tekelauan |
Micronesian languages (500 000 speakers)
|
| Kiribati | 64 000 | |
| Marshallese | 29 000 | |
| Nauruan | 6 000 | |
| Trukese | 38 000 | |
| Ponape | 27 700 | |
| Kosraean | 6 900 | |
| Carolinian | 2 500 | |
Indopacific family (Papuan languages)
|
| Enga | 180 000 | Papua New Guinea |
| Kuanua | 80 000 | Papua New Guinea |
| Melpa | 75 000 | Papua New Guinea |
| Kuman | 70 000 | Papua New Guinea |
| Huli | 65 000 | Papua New Guinea |
| Other languages: Wantoat, Telefol, Iatmul, Asmat |
Australian languages
|
| Warlpiri | 3000 | Northern Territory |
| Western Arunta | 1000 | Northern Territory |
| Eastern Arunta | 1500-2000 | Northern Territory |
| Murrinbata | 1000 | Northern Territory |
| Anindilyakwa | 1000 | Northern Territory and Gulf of Carpentaria |
| Alyawarra | 1500 | Northern Territory and Queensland |
| Wik-Mungkan | 1000 | Queensland |
| Kala Lagaw | 3000-4000 | Torres Strait islands and Queensland |
| Pitjantjara | 2500 | Southern Australia |
Creoles or Pidgin languages
|
| West Indian Creole | 650 000 | Martinique, Guadeloupe |
| Haitian Creole | 7 million | Haiti |
| Mauritian Creole | 600 000 | Mauritius Island |
| Creole from Reunion | 600 000 | La Réunion |
| Bichlamar (Melanesian Pidgin) | 190 000 | Vanuatu |
| Other languages: Papiamentu Creole (Dutch West Indies), Neomelanesian Creole from New-Guinea |
Amerindian family (25 million speakers)
Araucanian group
|
| Arauacan | 200 000 | Chili |
| Other languages: Huilliche, Mapudungun |
Quechuan group
|
| Quechua (Runa Simi) | 9 million | Equador, Peru, Bolivia |
| Other languages: Chiquian, Corongo, Huaylas, Huallaga, Panao, Huaylla, Jauja, Chachapoyas |
Aymaran group
Tupi-Guarani group
|
| Guarani | 3 million | Paraguay |
| Tupi | | Brazil |
| Other languages: Ariqueme, Kawahib, Oyampi |
Arawakan group
|
| Arawak | | Caribean coast |
| Other languages: Chapacuran, Arauan, Chamicura, Gahiban, Mahipuran, Purus |
Chibchan group
|
| Miskito | | Honduras, Nicaragua |
| Cuna | | Panama |
| Other languages: Isthmien, Abura, Talamanca, Barbacoa, Paezan, Coconucoan, Popayanen |
Mayan group
|
| Yucatec (Maya) | 500 000 | Mexico |
| Other languages: Kekchi, Quiche, Mam, Tzotzil, Cakchiquel, Chol, Itza, Jacalteco, Yocatan, Ixil |
Oto-Manguean group
|
| Otomi | | |
| Other languages: Mixtec, Zapotec, Chiquihuitlan Mazatec, Mazahua, Choco, Oaxaca, Mangue |
Uto-Aztecan group
|
| Nahuatl | 900 000 | Central America |
| Other languages: Hopi, Comanche, Luiseno, Cahuilla, Cupeno, Papago, Ute, Mono, Paiute, Pima |
Wakashan group (1500 speakers)
|
| Haisla | | Canada |
| Other languages: Heiltsuk, Kwakiutl, Makah, Nootka |
Siouan group (90 000 speakers)
Missouri River Group
|
| Crow | | |
| Other languages: Hidatsa |
Mandan Group
Mississippi Valley Group
Dakotan subgroup
|
| Sioux (Dakota-Lakota-Nakota) | | |
| Other languages: Assiniboine, Stoney |
Chiwere-Winnebago subgroup
|
| Chiwere (Ioway-Otoe-Missouria) | | |
| Other languages: Ho-chunk (Winnebago) |
Dhegiha (Dhegihan) subgroup
|
| Omaha-Ponca | | |
| Other languages: Kansa (Kaw)-Osage, Quapaw (Arkansas) |
Ohio Valley Group
|
| Tutelo | | |
| Other languages: Occaneechi |
Muskogean group (10 000 speakers)
|
| Choctaw | 10 000 | North America (Oklahoma) |
| Muskogee (Creek) | | |
| Other languages: Alabama, Koasati, Mikasuki, Chickasaw |
Iroquoian group (45 000 speakers)
Northern branch
Susquehannock
|
| Mohawk | | Québec, New York |
| Oneida | | New York, Ontario, Wisconsin |
| Onondaga | | New York, Ontario |
| Seneca | | New York, Ontario |
| Cayuga | | New York, Ontario |
| Susquehannock | | Susquehana valley |
Wendat
Tuscarora
Southern branch
Cherokee
|
| Cherokee | 40 000 | North Carolina, Oklahoma |
Algonquian group (130 000 speakers)
Central branch
|
| Sac-Fox-Kickapoo | | |
| Shawnee | | |
| Other languages: Menomini, Peoria-Miami-Illini |
Cree
|
| Cree | | |
| Montagnais | | |
| Naskapi | | |
| Other languages: Atikamekw, Oji-Cree |
Ojibwa
|
| Ojibwa (Chippewa) | 40 000 | Canada (Manitoba, northern Ontario) |
| Other languages: Algonquin, Ottawa, Potawatomi |
Eastern branch
|
| Abenaki | | |
| Micmac | | |
| Mohegan | | |
| Other languages: Malicite, Delaware |
Plains branch
|
| Arapaho | | |
| Blackfoot | | |
| Cheyenne | | |
Na-Dene family
Athapaskan group (200 000 speakers)
Northern Athapaskan
|
| Ahtna | | |
| Dena'ina (Tanaina) | | |
| Other languages: Deg Hit'an (Ingalik, Deg Xinag), Holikachuk (Innoko), Koyukon, Kolchan (Upper Kuskokwim), Lower Tanana, Tanacross, Upper Tanana, Southern Tutchone, Northern Tutchone, Gwich'in (Kutchin), Hän, Tagish, Tahltan, Kaska, Sekani, Dunneza (Beaver), Slavey (Slave), Mountain, Bearlake, Hare, Dogrib, Dene Suline (Chipewyan), Tsetsaut, Babine (North Carrier), Dakelh (Carrier), Chilcotin (Tsilhqot'in), Nicola (Stuwix), Tsuut'ina (Sarsi), Kwalhioqua-Clatskanie (Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanie) |
Pacific Coast Athapaskan
|
| Hupa (Hoopa-Chilula) | | |
| Other languages: Mattole-Bear River, Eel River, Upper Umpqua, Rogue River (Tututni), Galice-Applegate, Tolowa |
Southern Athapaskan (Apachean)
|
| Plains Apache (Kiowa-Apache) | | |
| Navajo | | |
| Other languages: Chiricahua, Mescalero, Western (Coyotero) Apache, Jicarilla, Lipan |
Eskimo-Aleut family
Aleut group
|
| Aleut | 2 000 | Aleutian Islands |
Eskimo (Inuit) group
Inuit branch (60 000 speakers)
|
| Inuktitut | | Canada |
| Inuktitut (Kalaallisut) | | Greenland |
| Inuktitut (Inupiak) | 40 000 | Alaska |
Yupik branch
|
| Yupik | 17 000 | Alaska and Siberia (different dialects) |
Paleo-Siberian languages (10 languages, 23 000 speakers)
|
| Ket | 990 | Lenissei |
| Youkaghir | 150 | Arctic Siberia |
| Other languages: Chukchi, Gilyak, Koryak, Tchouktche, Kamchadale, Yuit |
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